Potti Sriramulu (1901–1952) was an Indian freedom fighter and a devoted Gandhian who played a pivotal role in the formation of Andhra Pradesh. Known for his unwavering commitment to social justice and linguistic identity, his ultimate sacrifice by fasting to death became a turning point in India's history, emphasizing the importance of regional and cultural identities within the Indian Union.

Potti Sriramulu (1901–1952) was an Indian freedom fighter and a devoted Gandhian who played a pivotal role in the formation of Andhra Pradesh. Known for his unwavering commitment to social justice and linguistic identity, his ultimate sacrifice by fasting to death became a turning point in India's history, emphasizing the importance of regional and cultural identities within the Indian Union.

Early Life:

Born on 16 March 1901 in Nellore, in present-day Andhra Pradesh, Potti Sriramulu was deeply influenced by Gandhian principles of non-violence and self-sacrifice.

He pursued civil engineering and worked in the Indian Railways before dedicating his life to the freedom struggle and social reforms.

Contributions:

1. Freedom Fighter:

Sriramulu actively participated in Mahatma Gandhi's movements for independence, including the Salt Satyagraha and Quit India Movement. His dedication to the cause earned him immense respect from his contemporaries.

2. Social Reformer:

He worked tirelessly for the upliftment of marginalized communities, especially the Dalits. He emphasized the need for social harmony and economic self-reliance.

3. Advocate for Linguistic States:

Potti Sriramulu championed the cause of a separate Telugu-speaking state, advocating for the linguistic and cultural identity of Andhra people.

His efforts were rooted in the belief that linguistic states would strengthen India's unity by respecting its cultural diversity.

The Historic Fast:

On 19 October 1952, Potti Sriramulu began a fast-unto-death in Madras (now Chennai) to demand a separate state for Telugu-speaking people.

His 56-day fast, which ended in his death on 15 December 1952, shocked the nation and galvanized public opinion.

His sacrifice led to widespread protests and compelled the Indian government to carve out Andhra State from the Madras Presidency in 1953, with Kurnool as its capital.

Legacy:

1. Formation of Andhra Pradesh:

Potti Sriramulu's martyrdom directly influenced the States Reorganization Commission, leading to the eventual formation of linguistic states across India. Andhra Pradesh was officially formed on 1 November 1956, with Hyderabad as its capital.

2. Inspiration for Movements:

His selfless act became a symbol of peaceful resistance and inspired other movements for linguistic and cultural identity in India.

3. Memorials:

Several institutions, roads, and parks are named in his honor, such as Potti Sriramulu Telugu University.

His contributions are celebrated annually, especially in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.

Conclusion:

Potti Sriramulu's life and sacrifice epitomize the power of non-violence, selflessness, and determination. He remains a revered figure in Indian history, particularly for his role in shaping India's linguistic and cultural landscape.