The past decade has been a period of unprecedented growth for India's energy sector, driven by a combination of policy reforms, technological advancements, and a commitment to sustainability. India has emerged as one of the world's largest energy markets, with significant strides in power generation, renewable energy adoption, and energy security.

The past decade has been a period of unprecedented growth for India's energy sector, driven by a combination of policy reforms, technological advancements, and a commitment to sustainability. India has emerged as one of the world's largest energy markets, with significant strides in power generation, renewable energy adoption, and energy security.

1. Expansion of Power Generation Capacity

India’s total power generation capacity has more than doubled in the past decade, reaching approximately 430 GW in 2024. This growth has been fueled by increased investments in thermal, hydro, nuclear, and renewable energy sources. The government’s push for electrification has ensured that nearly 100% of villages are now connected to the grid.

2. Rise of Renewable Energy

One of the most significant transformations has been the shift towards renewable energy. India has become the fourth-largest country in the world in terms of installed renewable capacity, surpassing 175 GW in 2024, with solar and wind energy playing a pivotal role. The government’s ambitious 500 GW renewable energy target by 2030 and commitment to net-zero emissions by 2070 have further accelerated green energy investments.

Key Renewable Energy Milestones:

Solar Energy: Grew from less than 3 GW in 2014 to over 75 GW in 2024.

Wind Energy: Expanded to 45 GW, making India one of the top five wind power producers globally.

Hydropower and Biomass: Continue to contribute over 50 GW, supporting grid stability.

3. Strengthening Energy Security

India has worked to reduce its dependence on imported fossil fuels by diversifying its energy mix. The discovery of new oil and gas reserves, along with strategic partnerships in LNG imports, has enhanced energy security. The government has also encouraged domestic coal production, reducing reliance on imports and stabilizing supply for thermal power plants.

4. Electrification & Smart Grid Development

The Saubhagya Scheme has ensured nearly universal household electrification, improving the quality of life in rural India. Meanwhile, smart grids, energy storage, and AI-driven energy management systems are being integrated to optimize power distribution and minimize losses.

5. Green Hydrogen & Emerging Technologies

India has launched the National Green Hydrogen Mission with an investment of ₹19,744 crore, aiming to position itself as a global leader in hydrogen production. Green hydrogen is expected to play a crucial role in decarbonizing industries like steel, cement, and transportation.

6. Electric Vehicles & Clean Transportation

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has seen exponential growth, supported by initiatives like FAME (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles). By 2024, India has over 2.5 million EVs on the road, with a robust charging infrastructure being developed across cities.

7. Foreign Investments & Global Collaboration

India’s energy sector has attracted billions in FDI, with companies from the US, Europe, and the Middle East investing in renewable projects, energy storage, and infrastructure. Partnerships with organizations like IEA, ISA, and BRICS Energy Cooperation have strengthened India's role in the global energy transition.

8. Future Outlook: Towards a Sustainable Energy Ecosystem

Looking ahead, India’s energy roadmap is focused on:

Achieving 50% of power generation from non-fossil sources by 2030.

Developing grid-scale battery storage for enhanced renewable integration.

Expanding nuclear energy, with new reactors under development.

Strengthening policies on energy efficiency and carbon trading.

Conclusion

India’s energy sector has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past decade, positioning the country as a leader in sustainable energy growth. With continued innovation, investment, and policy support, India is well on track to achieve its energy security and sustainability goals, ensuring a cleaner and more resilient energy future.