* **History:** The history of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent began prior to the 3rd millennium BCE. Metals and related concepts were mentioned in various early Vedic age texts. The Rigveda already uses the Sanskrit term Ayas (आयस) (metal). The Indian cultural and commercial contacts with the Near East and the Greco-Roman world enabled an exchange of metallurgic sciences. The advent of the Mughals (established: April 21, 1526—ended: September 21, 1857) further improved the established tradition of metallurgy and metal working in India.
[Image of Iron Pillar of Delhi]
* **Wootz steel:** Wootz steel, also known as Damascus steel, was a type of steel that was produced in India from the 4th to the 17th centuries. Wootz steel was known for its strength, its toughness, and its ability to hold an edge. It was used to make swords, daggers, and other weapons.
[Image of Wootz steel]
* **Damascus steel technique:** The Damascus steel technique was a method of producing wootz steel. The technique involved heating and folding a piece of iron ore repeatedly. This process created a layered structure in the steel, which gave it its unique properties.
* **Uses:** Indian metallurgy was used to produce a variety of metal objects, including weapons, tools, jewelry, and household utensils. Indian metallurgy was also used to produce coins.
* **Legacy:** Indian metallurgy has had a lasting legacy. The techniques and knowledge developed in India were later adopted by other cultures, such as the Middle East and Europe. Indian metallurgy also played a significant role in the development of Indian culture and civilization.
The Iron Pillar of Delhi is a 7.27-meter-tall (23.85 ft) iron pillar located in Delhi, India. It is one of the most famous examples of Indian metallurgy. The pillar was built in the 4th century CE, and it is still standing today. The pillar is made of wootz steel, and it is known for its strength and its ability to resist corrosion.
The Damascus steel technique is a lost technique. It is not known how the technique was developed, and it is not known how to reproduce it. However, the Damascus steel technique is still studied by metallurgist, and there are efforts to recreate the technique.
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