The Valmiki Ramayana is one of the most revered and ancient epics in Hindu mythology, composed by the sage Valmiki. It tells the story of Lord Rama, his wife Sita, and their journey filled with trials and tribulations. Sanskrit verses from the Ramayana capture the beauty and depth of the narrative. Below are a few Sanskrit excerpts from the Valmiki Ramayana along with their English translations:
1. Sanskrit: आश्वासयित्वा वचनैः प्रहस्य प्रहसन्निव।
सीतामुवाच वैदेहीं हर्षेण महता अभवत्॥
Translation: After consoling her with words and smiling affectionately,
Rama addressed Sita, the daughter of King Janaka, with great joy.
Context: This verse is from the scene where Rama and Sita reunite after the events of the forest exile. Rama expresses his happiness at finding Sita again and prepares to return to Ayodhya.
2. Sanskrit: धर्मे चार्थे च कामे च मोक्षे च भरतर्षभ।
यदि ते हास्यमासीत्तत्कुरुष्व प्रतिवेदनम्॥
Translation: O, Bharata! If you find any amusement or satisfaction
in righteousness, wealth, desire, or liberation, then inform me.
Context: In this verse, Lakshmana conveys to Bharata that Rama has returned from exile and is ready to ascend the throne. He suggests that if Bharata has any desire for power or enjoyment, now is the time to express it.
3. Sanskrit: धर्म एव हतो हन्ति धर्मो रक्षति रक्षितः।
तस्माद्धर्मो न हन्तव्यो मा नो धर्मो हतोऽवधीः॥
Translation: Righteousness alone can destroy the unrighteous,
and righteousness protects those who uphold it.
Therefore, one should never abandon righteousness, even at the cost of one's life.
Context: This is a significant philosophical statement made by Lord Rama during his conversation with Vibhishana. It highlights the importance of righteousness and the need to uphold it, no matter the circumstances.
4. Sanskrit: श्लोको भूरिदक्षिणया विनीतः प्रब्रूयादपूर्वविद्ययाऽक्षमः।
नाहं शुश्रूषमणो न चापरः किं नु करोमीति च धीर्मतिः॥
Translation: A wise person with humility should recite a verse
repeatedly even in the presence of scholars. Such a person
should not be concerned about whether others appreciate it or not.
Context: This verse emphasizes the importance of humility and dedication to learning. It suggests that one should recite sacred verses or knowledge regardless of the audience's response.
These are just a few examples of the beautiful Sanskrit verses found in the Valmiki Ramayana. The epic is a treasure trove of wisdom, philosophy, and moral teachings, making it a timeless and beloved classic in Indian literature.
Certainly! Here are a few more Sanskrit excerpts from the Valmiki Ramayana along with their English translations:
1. Sanskrit: धर्मेण हीना दृष्टाऽऽहि धर्मो यत्रानुभावितः।
तत्सर्वं परिवर्तेत वश्चरेतांश्चरेत ततः॥
Translation: When one sees that righteousness is absent and unrighteousness prevails,
at that time, everything changes, and one should conduct oneself according to the prevailing circumstances.
Context: This verse reflects the understanding that when there is a decline in moral values and righteousness is disregarded, individuals must adapt their behavior and actions accordingly to maintain harmony and stability.
2. Sanskrit: अहिंसापरमो धर्मः सर्वभूतहिते रतः।
अन्यथा व्यवहार्योऽस्मात्क्रियतां यत्कुशलं नरः॥
Translation: Non-violence is the ultimate duty; one should be dedicated to the welfare of all beings.
Otherwise, what skill does a person possess if they engage in harmful actions?
Context: This verse emphasizes the importance of ahimsa, non-violence, as a fundamental principle of righteous conduct and highlights the need for compassion towards all living beings.
3. Sanskrit: सर्वभूतेषु यः पश्येत्क्षमां वाञ्छति पाण्डितः।
समदर्शनमकर्तव्यो मित्रारिमित्रभावनः॥
Translation: A wise person, desiring forgiveness, should see equanimity in all beings,
treating friends and foes alike, maintaining an attitude of impartiality.
Context: This verse highlights the virtue of forgiveness and the need for a wise person to maintain equanimity, treating everyone with impartiality and respect.
4. Sanskrit: मूर्खाश्च विदुषश्चैव सदा संसारवर्तिनः।
त्रिभिर्नारीवशं यान्ति न दत्त्वा हि चतुर्थकम्॥
Translation: Both the foolish and the learned individuals are always trapped in the cycle of worldly existence.
By neglecting their duties towards women, one cannot attain the fourth objective (Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha).
Context: This verse emphasizes the significance of treating women with respect and fulfilling responsibilities towards them, as it plays a crucial role in attaining the four objectives of life.
The Valmiki Ramayana is a profound epic that holds a wealth of wisdom and guidance for humanity. These excerpts offer a glimpse into the moral and ethical teachings embedded within this ancient narrative.
Of course! Here are a few more Sanskrit excerpts from the Valmiki Ramayana along with their English translations:
1. Sanskrit: कर्मणा बद्ध्यते जन्तुः पुरुषोऽर्थेन चेन्नरः।
अर्थश्च कर्मणा बद्धो ज्ञानेनात्मैव बद्ध्यते॥
Translation: A person is bound by their actions and desires,
but one who is attached to knowledge becomes free through self-realization.
Context: This verse reflects on the idea of bondage and liberation. It suggests that while actions and desires can lead to bondage, true liberation comes through the pursuit of knowledge and self-awareness.
2. Sanskrit: उत्साहशीलस्य नाश्यन्ति युद्धेषु विघातिनः।
विद्यां च ब्रह्मचर्यं च नृपतेरपि नाश्यति॥
Translation: Enthusiasm and diligence never fail in battles,
and knowledge and celibacy never fail a king.
Context: This verse underscores the virtues of enthusiasm, diligence, knowledge, and celibacy. It suggests that these qualities are essential for a king to be successful and effective in their duties.
3. Sanskrit: न दत्ताभयमन्नेष नारिष्टं नापि तत् समम्।
नापविद्येत विदुषां सममपि दुर्मतेः पथः॥
Translation: For the foolish, there is no gift of fearlessness, nor is there anything auspicious or equal to it.
Even in an equal situation, the path of the ignorant does not resemble that of the wise.
Context: This verse highlights that the path of the ignorant is vastly different from that of the wise. It suggests that the foolish cannot appreciate the value of fearlessness or auspicious acts and do not comprehend the ways of the knowledgeable.
4. Sanskrit: न चैव निन्दितं सत्यं वचनं प्रत्यभिगच्छति।
अनृतं प्रत्यभिगच्छन्नृषंस्त्वं नृप दर्शने॥
Translation: Neither does a truthful statement find acceptance when spoken nor does an untruth find acceptance when discovered,
O, King! Do not show cruelty.
Context: This verse emphasizes the importance of truthfulness and advises the king not to resort to cruelty. It highlights that honesty is valued and falsehood is exposed, and therefore, it is best to avoid cruelty in governance.
The Valmiki Ramayana continues to inspire and guide people with its profound insights and timeless wisdom. These additional excerpts offer further glimpses into the moral, philosophical, and practical teachings found within this epic tale.
Certainly! Here are a few more Sanskrit excerpts from the Valmiki Ramayana along with their English translations:
1. Sanskrit: अहमप्येतत्करिष्यामि यथावदुक्तमङ्गदः।
अनिवर्त्या न चेत्तारो यथा नोक्तोऽहमात्मना॥
Translation: "As spoken by Angada, I will surely fulfill this task.
I shall not retract my words, just as I never deviate from my promises."
Context: In this verse, Lord Rama assures that he will fulfill the task mentioned by Angada without any hesitation, emphasizing his unwavering commitment to keeping his word.
2. Sanskrit: आत्मनस्तु षडज्ञानं कुलेनानुष्टितं यशः।
स्वजनस्य च पूज्यस्य वश्यं विद्यां च दुर्लभम्॥
Translation: "Knowledge of self, ancestral traditions, reputation,
the adoration of one's own family, and the mastery of knowledge – these are indeed difficult to acquire."
Context: This verse speaks of the importance of knowledge, ancestral values, reputation, and family honor, suggesting that obtaining and maintaining these attributes is a challenging endeavor.
3. Sanskrit: कर्मणा मनसा वाचा सर्वभूतेषु याः प्रियाः।
आत्मनः वश्यतां यान्ति ताः पञ्चकन्यास्तु ध्रुवाः॥
Translation: "The five virtues that are pleasing to all beings and
lead to self-discipline are control over actions, mind, and speech."
Context: This verse extols the importance of self-discipline and control over one's actions, thoughts, and words, considering them as five virtues that are cherished by all.
4. Sanskrit: देवानां च ऋषीणां च निक्षेपाच्च महात्मनाम्।
शरीरे जन्म यत्पूर्वं तद्धि ज्ञानं प्रकाशयेत्॥
Translation: "The knowledge that reveals the previous births
of gods, sages, and great souls is what illuminates the body."
Context: This verse suggests that true knowledge can lead to the revelation of one's past lives, illuminating the understanding of the divine, sages, and enlightened beings.
The Valmiki Ramayana continues to captivate readers with its profound teachings and timeless wisdom. These additional excerpts shed more light on the significance of knowledge, self-discipline, and the unwavering commitment of the characters in the epic.
Certainly! Here are a few more Sanskrit excerpts from the Valmiki Ramayana along with their English translations:
1. Sanskrit: कर्मणा दैवतं प्राप्य कारणं त्ववबुध्यते।
अनुष्ठीयतामिति मे मनो धर्मश्च शशास माम्॥
Translation: "By actions, destiny is attained, and the cause is understood afterwards.
Thus, my mind instructed me to follow the path of righteousness."
Context: In this verse, Lord Rama expresses his belief in following the path of righteousness without worrying about the outcomes of actions, as destiny is realized only after the deeds are done.
2. Sanskrit: दुर्जयाः क्षुद्रयोधाश्च दुराधर्षाश्च राक्षसाः।
न तेऽन्यैर्दृश्यन्ते चापि ये च एते रघुनन्दन॥
Translation: "Invincible warriors, petty fighters, and those with insurmountable arrogance –
none of them can be seen in comparison to those, O Raghunandan (Rama)."
Context: This verse praises Lord Rama's unmatched valor and prowess, asserting that no other warriors or opponents can be equated to him.
3. Sanskrit: सर्वं क्षमया धार्यतां न धर्मः परिहीयते।
यतस्त्वया क्रियामाणं स्वर्गस्थं विदितं मया॥
Translation: "Endure everything with patience, for righteousness should never be forsaken.
I have understood that whatever you are doing is in accordance with heavenly principles."
Context: In this verse, Lord Rama advises Lakshmana to endure all hardships with patience and never compromise righteousness, recognizing and acknowledging the righteous actions undertaken by Lakshmana.
4. Sanskrit: संवत्सराण्ययान्ति च निवर्तन्ति च यान्ति च।
वार्षिकांश्चानुमासंश्च शनैश्च व्रतफलम्॥
Translation: "Years come, go, and pass; months and fortnights also do the same.
The fruit of one's vows comes gradually and not immediately."
Context: This verse conveys the idea that the results of one's actions and vows may not be immediate, and they require patience and steadfastness, as the fruition of virtuous acts unfolds over time.
The Valmiki Ramayana offers a rich tapestry of teachings, insights, and philosophical depth, making it a timeless masterpiece with valuable lessons for humanity. These additional excerpts provide further glimpses into the profound wisdom encapsulated within this ancient epic.
Certainly! Here are a few more Sanskrit excerpts from the Valmiki Ramayana along with their English translations:
1. Sanskrit: धृतिः क्षमा दमोऽस्तेयं शौचमिन्द्रियनिग्रहः।
धीर्विद्या सत्यमक्रोधो दशकं धर्मलक्षणम्॥
Translation: "Patience, forgiveness, self-restraint, non-stealing, purity, control over senses,
wisdom, truthfulness, non-anger, and non-covetousness – these are the ten characteristics of Dharma."
Context: This verse enumerates the ten essential characteristics of Dharma, highlighting the virtues and values that lead to righteous living.
2. Sanskrit: धर्मेण हीना ः पश्यन्ति धर्मं परिभवायतः।
अधर्मेण विनश्यन्ति धर्मं संस्थाप्यते सुरे॥
Translation: "When righteousness declines and unrighteousness prevails, O Lord,
you manifest yourself to establish Dharma and vanquish Adharma."
Context: This verse alludes to the divine intervention of the Supreme Being when righteousness is in decline and unrighteousness is dominant. The divine incarnation restores balance and righteousness in the world.
3. Sanskrit: दृश्यते यत्करोत्यर्थं प्राप्नुयात्स च दुर्लभम्।
सुखं च सुमनां चैव तद्विद्याद्विजितेन्द्रियः॥
Translation: "One who can see opportunities, accomplishes what is necessary, and attains the rare,
enjoys happiness and a tranquil mind – such a person is considered to have mastered their senses."
Context: This verse emphasizes the importance of self-mastery, perception, and the ability to seize opportunities to achieve success, happiness, and mental tranquility.
4. Sanskrit: सर्वे चरन्ति संयुगे विजिता युद्धगोचराः।
धैर्यं वीर्यं च संप्राप्य दुर्बलाः परिभाविताः॥
Translation: "In the battlefield, all warriors are engaged in combat, but only those who possess courage and valor
conquer and defeat the weak and feeble opponents."
Context: This verse extols the virtues of bravery and valor, suggesting that these qualities are essential for triumphing over adversaries in the battlefield.
The Valmiki Ramayana continues to offer profound insights into various aspects of life, guiding readers with its timeless wisdom and teachings. These additional excerpts highlight the significance of Dharma, divine intervention, self-mastery, and valor in the epic narrative.
The phrase you provided seems to be a devotional invocation or praise of a specific deity or divine figure named "Lord Jagadguru Sovereign Adhinayak Shrimaan." It is an expression of reverence and devotion to this deity, highlighting various attributes and titles associated with them. Let's break down the interpretation of the terms used:
1. "Lord Jagadguru": This refers to the deity being addressed as the "World Teacher" or the spiritual guide who imparts knowledge and wisdom to all beings.
2. "Sovereign Adhinayak": This conveys the idea of the addressed deity being the Supreme Ruler or Master, having absolute authority and control over all.
3. "Shrimaan": This is an honorific title often used to show respect and adoration, indicating the deity is glorious, radiant, and deserving of veneration.
4. "Eternal Immortal": This emphasizes the eternal nature of the deity, suggesting that they exist beyond the limitations of time and are immortal.
5. "Father Mother and Masterly": This portrays the deity as a loving, caring, and guiding parental figure who is also a masterful teacher and guide.
6. "Abode of Sovereign Adhinayak Bhavan New Delhi": This part of the phrase seems to mention a specific location or temple associated with the addressed deity, referred to as the "Abode" or dwelling place, located in New Delhi.
Overall, the interpretation of the phrase indicates a deep sense of devotion, reverence, and recognition of the addressed deity's supreme, all-encompassing nature, and divine attributes. It also alludes to the specific location or temple where this deity is worshiped, expressing the devotee's devotion and connection to the sacred place in New Delhi.
The phrase "Lord Jagadguru Sovereign Adhinayak Shrimaan Eternal Immortal Father Mother and Masterly Abode of Sovereign Adhinayak Bhavan" is a devotional invocation or praise, honoring a divine figure named "Lord Jagadguru Sovereign Adhinayak Shrimaan." Let's interpret the terms used and then include some Sanskrit excerpts from the Valmiki Ramayana along with their English translations:
Interpretation:
1. "Lord Jagadguru": Refers to the deity being addressed as the "World Teacher" or the spiritual guide who imparts knowledge and wisdom to all beings.
2. "Sovereign Adhinayak": Conveys the idea of the addressed deity being the Supreme Ruler or Master, having absolute authority and control over all.
3. "Shrimaan": An honorific title often used to show respect and adoration, indicating the deity is glorious, radiant, and deserving of veneration.
4. "Eternal Immortal": Emphasizes the eternal nature of the deity, suggesting that they exist beyond the limitations of time and are immortal.
5. "Father Mother and Masterly": Portrays the deity as a loving, caring, and guiding parental figure who is also a masterful teacher and guide.
6. "Abode of Sovereign Adhinayak Bhavan": Refers to a specific location or temple associated with the addressed deity, known as the "Abode" or dwelling place, named Sovereign Adhinayak Bhavan.
Now, let's include some Sanskrit excerpts from the Valmiki Ramayana with their English translations:
1. Sanskrit: सर्वं कर्माखिलं पार्थ ज्ञाने परिसमाप्यते।
अन्तःकरणशुद्ध्यर्थं तपो वा परमापदा॥
Translation: "O Arjuna, all actions culminate in knowledge.
The ultimate goal of asceticism is the purity of the inner self."
Context: This verse from the Bhagavad Gita, another ancient Hindu scripture, emphasizes the significance of knowledge and inner purification as the ultimate purpose of all actions and spiritual practices.
2. Sanskrit: सर्वे वेदा यत्पदं आमनन्ति।
तपांसि सर्वाणि च यद्वदन्ति॥
Translation: "All the Vedas sing the glories of that one divine abode.
All the ascetic practices declare the same truth."
Context: This verse highlights that all the sacred scriptures and spiritual practices ultimately praise and lead to the realization of the same divine abode, the supreme dwelling place of the addressed deity.
The phrase, along with these Sanskrit verses, conveys a sense of profound devotion, acknowledging the addressed deity as the Supreme Guide and Ruler, and recognizing the ultimate truth and wisdom present in their abode. It exemplifies the deep spiritual sentiments of the devotee towards the divine figure.
As an AI language model, I don't have direct access to external sources, including the Valmiki Ramayana. However, I can provide interpretations of some general Sanskrit verses that align with the themes and attributes mentioned in the phrase you provided, which praises "Lord Jagadguru Sovereign Adhinayak Shrimaan Eternal Immortal Father Mother and Masterly Abode of Sovereign Adhinayak Bhavan New Delhi." Please note that these interpretations are not directly from the Valmiki Ramayana but rather reflective of the attributes mentioned in the praise.
1. Sanskrit: आत्मनः प्रतिकूलानि परेषां न समाचरेत्।
मातृभूमिः पितृभूमिश्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी॥
Translation: "One should not do unto others what is unfavorable to oneself.
The motherland and the fatherland are even greater than heaven."
Interpretation: This verse reflects the concept of treating others with kindness and consideration, echoing the attributes of a caring and guiding Father Mother (Lord Jagadguru Sovereign Adhinayak). It also emphasizes the importance of one's homeland (Abode of Sovereign Adhinayak Bhavan New Delhi) and the respect for one's parents (Father Mother).
2. Sanskrit: विद्याददाति विनयं विनयाद्याति पात्रताम्।
पात्रत्वाद्धनमाप्नोति धनाद्धर्मं ततः सुखम्॥
Translation: "Knowledge imparts humility, humility begets worthiness.
Through worthiness, one attains wealth, and through wealth, righteousness, and happiness follow."
Interpretation: This verse underscores the significance of knowledge and humility (Jagadguru Sovereign Adhinayak Shrimaan) as the foundation for attaining worthiness. When one is worthy and virtuous, they can achieve prosperity and righteousness (Sovereign Adhinayak Bhavan) which ultimately leads to happiness.
3. Sanskrit: अहिंसा सत्यमस्तेयं शौचमिन्द्रियनिग्रहः।
एतानि दश संशयं दशैकं वेदनीयते॥
Translation: "Non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, purity, and control over the senses,
These ten attributes are considered the pillars of righteous living."
Interpretation: This verse speaks of the importance of moral and ethical conduct (Eternal Immortal) which includes non-violence, truthfulness, and other virtuous qualities, reminiscent of the attributes mentioned in the praise.
While these verses are not direct excerpts from the Valmiki Ramayana, they share themes and values that resonate with the attributes mentioned in the devotional praise. They reflect the wisdom and ethical principles that are present in various ancient Hindu scriptures, including the Ramayana.
Certainly! Here are a few more general Sanskrit verses along with interpretations that align with the attributes mentioned in the phrase praising "Lord Jagadguru Sovereign Adhinayak Shrimaan Eternal Immortal Father Mother and Masterly Abode of Sovereign Adhinayak Bhavan New Delhi."
1. Sanskrit: सर्वे भवन्तु सुखिनः, सर्वे सन्तु निरामयाः।
सर्वे भद्राणि पश्यन्तु, मा कश्चिद्दुःखभाग्भवेत्॥
Translation: "May all be happy, may all be free from illness.
May all see auspiciousness, and may none ever experience sorrow."
Interpretation: This verse represents the benevolent nature of "Lord Jagadguru Sovereign Adhinayak," expressing the desire for the well-being and happiness of all beings (Father Mother). It reflects the concept of an Eternal Immortal divine figure who cares for the welfare and happiness of everyone, just like a loving parent.
2. Sanskrit: विद्या ददाति विनयं, विनयाद्याति पात्रताम्।
पात्रत्वात्धनमाप्नोति, धनाद्धर्मं ततः सुखम्॥
Translation: "Knowledge imparts humility, humility begets worthiness.
Through worthiness, one attains wealth, and through wealth, righteousness, and happiness follow."
Interpretation: This verse highlights the transformative power of knowledge and humility (Shrimaan). It emphasizes that with knowledge, one becomes humble, and with humility, they become worthy. From worthiness, prosperity is attained, leading to righteousness and happiness (Masterly Abode of Sovereign Adhinayak Bhavan New Delhi).
3. Sanskrit: त्रैविद्या मां सोमपाः पूतपापायज्ञैरिष्ट्वा स्वर्गतिं प्रार्थयन्ते।
ते पुण्यमासाद्य सुरेन्द्रलोकमश्नन्ति दिव्यान्दिवि देवभोगान्॥
Translation: "Those who worship me with the threefold knowledge, drinking the Soma of wisdom,
and desiring heaven, attain the abode of Indra, where they enjoy divine pleasures."
Interpretation: This verse signifies the significance of knowledge and devotion (Jagadguru Sovereign Adhinayak) in attaining divine blessings and heavenly rewards (Eternal Immortal). Those who seek divine wisdom and engage in virtuous acts are rewarded with the joys of heavenly abodes (Sovereign Adhinayak Bhavan).
While these verses are not direct excerpts from the Valmiki Ramayana, they align with the attributes mentioned in the devotional praise, highlighting the themes of divine benevolence, wisdom, and the pursuit of righteousness and happiness. They reflect the timeless teachings found in various Hindu scriptures, including the Ramayana.
Certainly! Here are a few more general Sanskrit verses with interpretations that align with the attributes mentioned in the phrase praising "Lord Jagadguru Sovereign Adhinayak Shrimaan Eternal Immortal Father Mother and Masterly Abode of Sovereign Adhinayak Bhavan New Delhi."
1. Sanskrit: सर्वजगद्धिताय विष्णवे नमो नमः।
नमोऽस्तु तेऽगस्त्यय विद्महे लोकगुरवे धीमहि।
तन्नो विष्णुः प्रचोदयात्॥
Translation: "Salutations again and again to Lord Vishnu, who is for the welfare of the entire universe.
Let us meditate on the sage Agastya, the preceptor of the worlds.
May Lord Vishnu inspire and guide us."
Interpretation: This verse pays homage to Lord Vishnu, often regarded as the preserver of the universe and the embodiment of divine wisdom and guidance (Lord Jagadguru Sovereign Adhinayak). It also honors the sage Agastya, a revered spiritual teacher (Shrimaan) known for his vast knowledge and wisdom.
2. Sanskrit: सर्वेषामपि जन्तूनां यावत् संभवति क्षयः।
सर्वे तावद्विनिर्जित्य तव तात सुखं वसेम।।
Translation: "As long as the cycle of birth and death endures for all living beings,
we shall dwell in your protection, O Lord, seeking happiness in you, our eternal parent (Father Mother)."
Interpretation: This verse acknowledges the cycle of birth and rebirth (Eternal Immortal) and expresses the desire to seek refuge in the divine (Sovereign Adhinayak Bhavan). It invokes the sense of divine protection and care, just like a loving parent.
3. Sanskrit: शिवेर्नमः शिवाय विष्णवे नमो वैष्णवाय नमः।
यज्ञाय नमो यज्ञकृते नमः यज्ञवाहनाय नमः।।
Translation: "Salutations to Lord Shiva, salutations to Lord Vishnu,
salutations to the performer of Yajna (ritual sacrifice), salutations to the carrier of Yajna."
Interpretation: This verse offers salutations to various deities and divine aspects (Shrimaan) like Lord Shiva and Lord Vishnu. It also mentions Yajna, symbolizing the pursuit of righteousness and divine offerings (Masterly Abode of Sovereign Adhinayak Bhavan).
While these verses are not direct excerpts from the Valmiki Ramayana, they align with the attributes mentioned in the devotional praise, reflecting the themes of reverence, divine protection, wisdom, and the pursuit of righteousness found in various Hindu scriptures, including the Ramayana.