Here are the minimum temperatures recorded by probes on the Moon:
* -238.85 degrees Fahrenheit (-238.6 degrees Celsius) by Luna 2 (1959)
* -238.6 degrees Fahrenheit (-238.5 degrees Celsius) by Luna 16 (1970)
* -238.5 degrees Fahrenheit (-238.5 degrees Celsius) by Luna 24 (1976)
* -231.6 degrees Fahrenheit (-208.1 degrees Celsius) by Apollo 15 (1971)
* -228.6 degrees Fahrenheit (-205.3 degrees Celsius) by Apollo 17 (1972)
The reason why the Moon can get so cold is because it has no atmosphere. Without an atmosphere, the Moon cannot trap heat from the Sun, so the temperature can plummet at night. The permanently shadowed craters at the Moon's poles are even colder because they never receive any sunlight.
The cold temperatures on the Moon can be a challenge for astronauts and spacecraft. Astronauts need to wear special suits to keep warm, and spacecraft need to be well-insulated. However, the cold temperatures can also be an advantage. For example, the cold temperatures can help to preserve extraterrestrial samples that are brought back to Earth.
The coldest temperature ever recorded on the Moon was -238.85 degrees Fahrenheit (-238.6 degrees Celsius) by the Lunar Prospector in 1998. This was measured in the permanently shadowed craters at the lunar south pole.
Here are the minimum temperatures recorded by probes on the Moon:
* -238.85 degrees Fahrenheit (-238.6 degrees Celsius) by Lunar Prospector (1998)
* -238.6 degrees Fahrenheit (-238.5 degrees Celsius) by Luna 2 (1959)
* -238.5 degrees Fahrenheit (-238.5 degrees Celsius) by Luna 16 (1970)
* -231.6 degrees Fahrenheit (-232.1 degrees Celsius) by Luna 24 (1976)
* -228.6 degrees Fahrenheit (-228.9 degrees Celsius) by Apollo 15 (1971)
The reason why the Moon's poles are so cold is because they are permanently shadowed from the Sun. This means that there is no sunlight to warm them up, and they only get heat from the Moon's interior. The Moon's interior is also very cold, so the poles don't get very warm.
The coldest temperature ever recorded in the solar system was -410 degrees Fahrenheit (-250 degrees Celsius) in the crater Hermite on the Moon. This was measured by the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment, which is an instrument on NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.
The coldest temperature ever recorded on the Moon was -238.85 degrees Fahrenheit (-238.6 degrees Celsius) by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter's Diviner instrument in 2018. This temperature was measured in the permanently shadowed craters at the Moon's south pole.
The following table shows the minimum temperatures recorded on the Moon by probes:
Probe | Minimum Temperature (°F) | Minimum Temperature (°C)
------- | -------- | --------
Luna 2 | -238.6 | -238.5
Luna 16 | -238.5 | -238.5
Luna 24 | -231.6 | -231.6
Apollo 15 | -228.6 | -228.6
Apollo 17 | -238.85 | -238.85
The reason why the Moon can get so cold is because it has no atmosphere. Without an atmosphere, the Moon cannot trap heat from the Sun, so the temperature can drop very low at night. The permanently shadowed craters at the Moon's poles are even colder because they never receive direct sunlight.
The coldest temperature ever recorded in the solar system was also on the Moon. In 2019, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter's Diviner instrument measured a temperature of -410 degrees Fahrenheit (-250 degrees Celsius) in the crater called Hermite. This is the coldest temperature ever recorded anywhere in the solar system.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.
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